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Abstract Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites is a widely used ethnomedicinal plant in Bangladesh. In this study, we investigated phenolic contents, volatile compounds and fatty acids, and essential oil components of extracts prepared from aerial parts of the plant. The main volatile compounds were methyl ester of oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid as determined by GC/MS. Phenolic contents of the extracts were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC/TOF-MS. Six phenolic compounds (syringic acid, morin, gentistic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, cinnamic acid, and apigenin) were found in the extracts. GC/MS analysis of steam distilled essential oil showed camphor, α-pinene and δ-3-carene as the main constituents. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the highest free radical scavenging activity was observed for the methanol extract with an IC50 value of 0.48 ± 0.04 mg/mL, whereas, in metal chelating activity on ferrous ions (Fe2+) assay, the highest chelating activity was observed for hexane extract (IC50 = 0.55 ± 0.08 mg/mL). The extracts and essential oil were tested against five severe human pathogenic bacteria using disc diffusion assay and subsequent MIC values were also determined. All the extracts (except methanol extract) and the essential oil were found to possess potential antimicrobial activity with corresponding inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 9-23 mm and 62.5-500 µg/mL. This study has been explored the plant Lasia spinosa can be seen as a potential source of biologically active compounds.
Subject(s)
Chelating Agents/analysis , Free Radical Scavengers , Phenolic Compounds/analysis , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Fatty Acids/analysisABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the antioxidant activity of different concentrations of alcohol extracts from Paeonia Rockii pollen.Methods The antioxidant activity of different concentrations of alcohol extracts from Paeonia Rockii pollen was evaluated by cupric reducing power method, DPPH radical scavenging activity method and ABTS radical scavenging activity method.Results The amounts of antioxidant activity of gallic acid of anhydrous ethanol extract, 75％ alcohol extract, 50％ alcohol extract, 25％ alcohol extract, and water extract from Paeonia Rockii pollen were 26.00, 28.33, 28.90, 14.98, and 9.24 mg/g, respectively. The sequence of the ability of scavenging DPPH free radical and ABTS radical was Vc > 50％ alcohol extract > 75％ alcohol extract > anhydrous ethanol extract > 25％ alcohol extract > water extract.Conclusion The different concentrations of alcohol extracts from Paeonia Rockii pollen has relatively strong antioxidant activity, especially for 50％ alcohol extract and 75％ alcohol extract.
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The involvement of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and contents of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline was investigated in determining salinity tolerance among seedlings of thirty chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes having different pedigrees. Chickpea genotypes, including cultivars and advanced lines were grown for 7 days under control and salt stress (50 mM NaCl) conditions. The genotypes showed differential response to salt stress in terms of growth, DPPH radical scavenging activity and contents of H2O2, MDA and proline in seedlings. On the basis of seedling growth, the genotypes having better performance under stress conditions had reduced levels of H2O2 and MDA contents, but increased levels of proline and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Stress tolerance index for these parameters was also determined. Agglomerative hierarchal clustering by Pearson correlation coefficient grouped the genotypes into two major clusters — MC I and MC II. MC II and A1-1 sub-cluster of MC-I comprised mainly of genotypes that showed higher stress resistance levels for the respective parameters in comparison to genotypes in other sub-clusters. Thus, it is possible to identify salt-tolerant genotypes on the basis of above parameters without a field trial.
Subject(s)
Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism , Cicer/physiology , Free Radical Scavengers/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Picrates/metabolism , Proline/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Salinity , Salt Tolerance/physiology , Seedlings/physiologyABSTRACT
Introduction: Oxidative stress occurs when the production of harmful molecules called free radicals are beyond the protective capability of the antioxidant defenses. Free radicals are known to cause damage to lipids, proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids, they are leading to cell or tissue injury. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in searching antioxidants from natural origin to prevent human body from oxidative stress produced by free radicals. In this research, 52 extractions of Mongolian medicinal plants were tested for their DPPH radical scavenging activity. Out of them, the aerial parts of Saxifraga spinulosa showed significant activity. Phytochemical and biological studies on this plant haven’t been determined previously. Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The antioxidant activity of these extracts was compared with standard solution of rutin. The total phenolic contents, flavonoid, and flavonols were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and Yermakov methods, respectively. Results: The acetone extract of the aerial parts of Saxifraga spinulosa exhibited excellent scavenging activity with IC50 (μg/mL) 14.98±0.16 against DPPH radical. Moreover the n-butanol fraction showed greater DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 (μg/mL) 28.69±0.09 compared to the non-polar chloroform fraction. So far the active n-butanol fraction passed through an octadecylsilicagel (3 x 12.5 см) and eluted with H20 (fraction A, 1.9 g), MeOH 20% (fraction B, 0.45 g), MeOH 40% (fraction C, 1.56 g), MeOH 80% (fraction D, 0.268 g), and MeOH (fraction E, 0.0012 g). From them, fractions A, B, C, and D showed significant activity, while fraction E had moderate activity. The total phenolic contents of acetone extract (121.42±14.33), n-butanol (113.42±16.29), and water residue (68.09±20.44), were expressed as Gallic acid equivalents. The flavonoid contents were found to be acetone extract (37.27±3.05), n-butanol (50.6±6.43), and water residue (5.93±2.0) in methanol using rutin equivalents. Conclusions: Antioxidant activity of Saxifraga spinulosa extracts were shown to be related to the phenolic components. Detailed investigation is needed to isolate antioxidant active compounds from this plant and determine their chemical structures as well as to make it accessible to modern clinical practice. Key words: Saxifraga spinulosa, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content
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Aims: To investigate the Mongolian plant M. mohileviensis Down. for the presence of possible bioactive products that could be related to the traditional use of the plant in Mongolia. Methodology: Ethanolic and water extracts of both seeds and herb were tested for antiinflammatory and DPPH scavenging activity. Polysaccharides were isolated from the seeds using sequence of chromatographic methods. The polysaccharide fraction from the cold water extract was then analyzed for the presence of monosaccharides and their type of linkages by GC and GC-MS. The effect of the polysaccharides on the complement system was then determined. Results: The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of seeds and herbs, as well as crude polysaccharides from cold and hot water extracts exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the model based on histamine-induced paw edema. Anti-inflammatory effects of all samples were high during the 3rd hour of inflammation. Moreover, the ethanolic extracts of seeds and herbs exhibited DPPH scavenging activity. Phytochemical studies of the cold water seed polysaccharide revealed the presence of an uncommon pectic type polysaccharide. Galacturonic acid (38%) and rhamnose (30%) were present as the main monosaccharides, and linkage analyses revealed that galacturonic acid was present as terminal, 14 and 13,4 linked units and rhamnose basically as 13 linked units. The complement fixation activity was appr.15 μg/ml, substantially lower than that of the standard used. The results also indicate strongly that the M. mohileviensis and M. verticillata are two different Malva species.
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Effects of root, stem and leaf extract of sancho (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) on the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the hepatic microsome of rat, DPPH radical scavenging activity and activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) were examined in vitro. The highest inhibition of hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation was observed by ethyl acetate fraction than that of methylene chloride fraction of the root and stem extracts. The high inhibition of lipid peroxidation was determined in the leaf, the root and the stem in order. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction was higher than that of n-butanol fraction and it was similar to the root and the steam extract. It was similar to the inhibition of hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in 2.500 mg/mL of ethyl acetate fraction and it was 4.4 fold higher than that of h-tocopherol, as an antioxidant standard. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was dependent on the extract concentration in the range of 0.125 - 5.000 mg/mL. The thromboplastin times were higher than that of n-butanol fraction and it was similar to the root and the steam extracts. The leaf extract showed the highest antithrombogenic effect followed by the stem and then the root extract. The activated partial thromboplastin times were dependent on the extract concentration in the range of 0.100 - 2.000 mg/mL. Consequently, the effects of antioxidative, DPPH radical scavenging activity and antithrombogenic of Z. schinifolium was observed due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the DPPH radical scavenging activity by methylene chloride, n-butanol and ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf extract.